March 12 - 1933 First concentration camp opened at Oranienburg outside Berlin.

Nazi SA (Sturmabteilung) guards oversee prisoners who are carrying a tub near the entrance to the Oranienburg concentration camp in 1933. The SA was eventually replaced by Himmler's SS as the concentration camp system expanded to house an ever increasing number of political opponents and Jews, arrested and imprisoned without a trial or any right of appeal. The first camps included; Dachau in southern Germany near Munich, Buchenwald in central Germany near Weimar, and Sachsenhausen near Berlin in the north.